Bottom-up physiologically-based biokinetic modelling as an alternative to animal testing_suppl

set-up an alamarblue based viability assay as an alternative method to routine mtt tests

Use of Physiologically Based Biokinetic (PBBK) Modeling to Study Estragole Bioactivation and Detoxification in Humans as Compared with Male Rats

The extent of bioactivation of the herbal constituent estragole to its ultimate carcinogenic metabolite 1'-sulfooxyestragole depends on the relative levels of bioactivation and detoxification pathways. The present study investigated the kinetics of the metabolic reactions of both estragole and its proximate carcinogenic metabolite 1'-hydroxyestragole in humans in incubations with relevant tissu...

Human skin equivalent as an alternative to animal testing

The 3-D skin equivalent can be viewed as physiologically comparable to the natural skin and therefore is a suitable alternative for animal testing. This highly differentiated in vitro human skin equivalent is used to assess the efficacy and mode of action of novel agents. This model is generated from primary human keratinocytes on a collagen substrate containing human dermal fibroblasts. It is ...

Fear Response in Roosters Orally Exposed to Alcohol: An Alternative Animal Model

Effect of ethanol consumption on fear response in human and conventional animal models (rodents) is controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanol administration on fearfulness in poultry as an alternative animal model.Being a reliable measure in avian species, tonic immobility was used to evaluate the fear response in 60 roosters orally administered with ethanol. D...

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling for the reduction of animal use in the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals.

The challenges of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling and approaches to replacing the use of animals, in order to determine drug pharmacokinetics, are discussed. Reference is made to the limitations of in vivo animal studies in drug discovery. In particular, the ways in which animal studies contribute to drug attrition during the post-preclinical phase of testing are considered.